STRUCTURE OF NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH AGE-DEPENDENT DEMENTIA
Abstract
Introduction. Clinical neurocognitive methods are central to the identification of cognitive disorders. The article discusses the neurocognitive convergence and differences between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Aim of the study was to research differences of cognitive profiles in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.
Purpose: to make a comparative characterization of the neurocognitive profile in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment at different stages of cognitive deficit.
Materials and Methods. Sixty people with various clinical forms of dementia (Alzheimer's disease, vascular) were examined. All patients underwent MRI examination of the brain. The psychometric method (MMSE, MoCA, FAB, ADAS-cog, CDS, HIS scales) and the method of statistical processing of results were used.
Discussion. When comparing neurocognitive parameters, it was found that differences in cognitive profiles in patients of these groups depend on the stage of the process. In early-stage Alzheimer's disease, spatial and mystical disorders predominated: more severe impairments memory (p=0.0056) (mostly episodic, especially with delayed response) and in orientation (p=0.0200). In vascular cognitive impairment, the most severe deficiency was executive dysfunction (p=0.0433), which included scheduling, difficulties with working memory, attention, flexibility of mind, and decreased processing speed. With the subsequent progression of these diseases to a moderate stage, these differences become more erased and rather difficult to distinguish.
Thus, the major neurocognitive phenomena having differential diagnostic significance in both mild and moderate severity are disorders of spatial functions and delayed reproduction with low semantic coding efficiency.
Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia can be performed only at a mild and moderate stage by evaluating memory, particularly episodic, semantic, visual-spatial and executive functions.
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