MODERN VIEWS ON DENTIN STRUCTURE AND ITS MORPHO-FUNCTIONALITY AS LIVING MATTER
Abstract
Background. During significant mechanical loading on teeth, dentin plays a crucial role in preserving and maintaining their function due to its unique architectural features.
The objective of the research was to study the state of the structural-functional pattern of dentin (dentinal tubules, odontoblast processes, and fibrillar apparatus) in human teeth at different distances from the pulp chamber.
Methods. In patients aged 18-20 years, 30 intact teeth extracted for orthodontic indications were studied. Immediately after extraction, the crowns were separated from the roots and divided along the tooth axis and in the mesiodistal direction, followed by immersion in Karnovsky's fixative solution. The samples were washed in cacodylate buffer, demineralized, dried, impregnated with epoxy resin in a VUP-5M vacuum apparatus (VO "SELMI", Sumy, Ukraine), polished and examined under a MICROmed Evolution ES-4140 light optical microscope with a 5 MP digital camera ("Mikromed", Ukraine). Some samples, after freeze-drying by avoiding the critical point transition method, were glued with electrically conductive adhesive onto copper tables and covered with a 20 nm layer of chemically pure aluminum [999 grade]. Sections were prepared using standard methods for scanning electron microscopy and examined in a scanning electron microscope ("JEOL-25M-T220A" (Tokyo, Japan)).
Results. The results of light optical examination indicate the existence of a structural-functional pattern of dentin characteristic of all human teeth. This pattern includes 3 elements: dentinal canaliculus, dentinal tubule, and fibrillar apparatus. Together they define four bands of dentin: black, dark, gray, and light. In turn, their intensity and width depend on the presence or absence of the other two constituent elements of the structural-functional pattern of dentin in the dentinal canaliculus. The boundary between each band also depends on whether there is a dentinal tubule with a complete fibrillar system in the dentinal canaliculus. We have shown that numerous microfibers of dentinal canaliculi form a dense fibrillar network - a source of hydrophilic proteins, which is the basis for creating parietal gaps that determine the capillary tension forces necessary to maintain centrifugal transport of pulpal lymph. The complex of constituent elements of the structural-functional pattern of dentin determines the degree of mineralization of teeth and, accordingly, the effectiveness of treatment of carious lesions and remineralization therapy measures, which affects the restoration of the structure of its individual elements.
Conclusion. The presented material deepens knowledge about the structure of dentin, demonstrates the composition of its structural-functional pattern capable of creating capillary tension forces to support centrifugal transport of pulpal lymph. Constant circulation of pulpal lymph is the basis of living matter, which not only does not contradict the classical model of structural-functional relationships but is also organically substantiated by morphological research methods.
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