CHANGES IN HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS DURING THE TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PURULENT GENERALIZED PERITONITIS WITH AG/CU NANOCOMPOSITES AND LOW-FREQUENCY ULTRASOUND
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2025;13(4);1131-1139Keywords:
peritonitis, Ag/Cu nanocomposites, low-frequency ultrasound, general blood testAbstract
Introduction. Generalized purulent peritonitis remains a serious challenge for modern emergency abdominal surgery. Previous studies have confirmed that the combined use of Ag/Cu nanocomposites (Ag/Cu NCs) with low-frequency ultrasound (US) improves the treatment outcomes of generalized purulent peritonitis; however, it is important to examine hematological indicators that can show the possible toxic effect of Ag/Cu NCs as well as their impact on the course of the general infectious-inflammatory process. Aim: to investigate the dynamics of the hematological parameters in rats during the treatment of experimental generalized purulent peritonitis with Ag/Cu NCs and low-frequency US.
Methods. The study was conducted using an experimental model of generalized purulent peritonitis in 60 laboratory Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups: in the 1st group planned sanitation of the abdominal cavity was carried out with Ag/Cu NCs, in the 2nd group – with low-frequency US, in the 3rd group – with Ag/Cu NCs and low-frequency US, and in the 4th group, as the control – with a 0.05% chlorhexidine solution. During the experiment, various hematological indicators in the rats were examined, including hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet counts, as well as the percentage of different types of blood cells: band and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils, and lymphocytes. Additionally, the leukocyte shift index (LSI), immunoreactivity index (IRI), and nuclear intoxication index (NII) were calculated.
Results and discussion. A detailed study of the general blood test reveals that the use of Ag/Cu NCs in combination with low-frequency US enables faster normalization of the main hematological indicators, indicating an accelerated recovery of experimental rats with a generalized purulent peritonitis. From the 3rd day, significant differences were noted in the percentage of monocytes and segmented neutrophils, as well as the indices IRI and LSI, in the “Ag/Cu NCs + US” group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). From the 7th day, a significant decrease in the number of leukocytes, ESR, percentage of monocytes, eosinophils, band and segmented neutrophils was noted in the “Ag/Cu NCs + US” group (p < 0.05), indicating a decrease in inflammatory phenomena. On the 7th day, a significant increase in IRI and a decrease in LSI were observed in the “US” group, as well as a first decrease in NII in the “Ag/Cu NCs + US” group (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. The combined use of Ag/Cu NCs and low-frequency US accelerates the normalization of key hematological markers associated with inflammation, enhances the body's immune response, and reduces the manifestations of systemic endotoxicosis in the treatment of experimental purulent generalized peritonitis. The application of Ag/Cu NCs does not result in significant undesirable changes in the hematological indicators of Wistar rats, indicating a lack of acute general toxicity.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Igor Duzhyi, Petro Myronov, Tetiana Ivakhniuk, Roman Pshenychnyi, Iryna Medvedieva, Viktoriia Holubnycha
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