ERUPTION OF PERMANENT TEETH IN CHILDREN WITH MALOCCLUSION IN POLTAVA REGION OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The delay in the eruption of the second molars has negative consequences, namely: reduction of the lower jaw and vertical articular growth. Violation of the symmetry of teething is a significant factor in pathological changes in the growth of the jaws. In recent years, the issue of the timing of eruption of permanent teeth and the dynamics of their changes have not been covered in the literature, the regional features of eruption of teeth have not been defined, their connection with the physical development of children, with dentomandibular anomalies, which in turn causes difficulties in choosing preventive measures.

Goal. In the study, we analyzed the timing of the eruption of permanent teeth in children and adolescents of the Poltava region, who have a dentomandibular anomaly class II according to Angle and draw conclusions about the features of teeth eruption in children of this region in different age periods.

Materials and methods. In order to establish the current and modern terms of eruption of permanent teeth in children and adolescents, an analysis of 792 orthopantomograms (OPTG) was carried out, from which 109 OPTG of patients with sagittal bite pathology who were undergoing orthodontic treatment with a diagnosis of Engle class II were selected. All patients were divided into groups with an age criterion of 1 year. The initial limit of the eruption interval was the age of 6 years, which is considered to be the eruption of the permanent first molar. And the final age range is 13 years, when the second permanent molar erupts. A statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out by determining the Pearson's χ² criterion. The analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2016 software.

Main results. At the age of 6, children with diagnosed Engle class II have the following permanent teeth in the dental arch: 11, 21, 31, 41 teeth in 60% of cases. In 7-year-old children, both central incisors on the lower jaw are already in the dental arch, on the upper jaw – 11th tooth – in 85% of cases, and 21st tooth – in 70% of children. Lateral incisors on the lower jaw only – in 28% of children with prognathia, and on the upper: 12th tooth – in 57%, and 22nd tooth – in 22% of cases. The first permanent molars are present in 100% of all children with a Engle class II at this age.

At the age of 9, in children with a distal bite, the first premolars in the lower jaw grew approximatively in 33% of cases, while this was observed to a lesser extent in the upper jaw – 14% and 28%, respectively. At the age of 10, the first premolars are already present in 63% of cases with a Engle class II, and only 15% of children have second premolars. At the age of 12, children with a distal bite have first premolars in 70–90% of cases, second premolars on the lower jaw in 60%, and on the lower jaw in 40%.

Conclusions. Orthodontic patients with a distal bite have peculiarities regarding the eruption of permanent teeth. At the age of 6, the first permanent molars are present in the dental arch only in 80% of cases. In 7-year-old children, central incisors are present in 70% of cases. In 8-year-old patients, eruption of lateral incisors occurs in 75% of cases. The first premolars begin to erupt from the age of 8 (10%). We did not find any data on accelerated eruption of permanent teeth in Ukrainian children with a diagnosis of Class II according to Angle