PATHOGENETIC PARTICULARITIES OF THE ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES OF THE PRESENT

Abstract

The purpose of the work is to analyze the structure and characteristics of injuries resulting from traffic accidents, which will undoubtedly contribute to the development of pathogenetically grounded treatment measures and will reduce the level of negative consequences.

Materials and methods. The severity of road accidents in Ukraine and the Sumy region was investigated by determining the F'_t factor, calculated as the ratio of the number of casualties and deaths to the total number of accidents. In order to assess the severity of injuries suffered by the victims, a standardized PTS-Hannover Damage Assessment System was used. To determine the causes and nature of the traffic accident, there was carried out an inspection and an anonymous non-personal survey of 124 traumatized patients who were undergoing treatment in the medical institutions of the Sumy region.

Results. The reasons and circumstances under which traffic accidents occurred, with 124 people being injured, the structure and character of the damage they received have been analyzed. It has been established that the integral ten-year value of F'_t in Ukraine is (0.23 ± 0.004), and in the Sumy region it is (0.41 ± 0.013). The trend is determined to increase the severity of accidents both in the Sumy region and in Ukraine as a whole. The main causes of road accidents were violations of the road safety rules by the drivers (54.03 %) and driving in the state of alcoholic intoxication (16.94 %). In most cases, the victims suffered multiple and combined injuries. Most often there was a combination of skeletal and craniocerebral trauma (18.55 %), and skeletal trauma connected to the craniocerebral injury and trauma of the chest (11.29 %). When studying the variety of lesions, the changes in nosological structure of characteristic and specific road traffic injuries were noted.

Conclusions. The main causes of the road accident occurrence were the violations of traffic safety rules by the drivers and driving in a state of intoxication. Most often, the victims had a combination of skeletal and craniocerebral trauma, and a skeletal trauma connected to the craniocerebral injury and trauma of the chest. Over the past 10 years there have been changes in the structure of specific and typical road traffic injuries, which, in our opinion, are due to the constructive features of a modern motor transport vehicle, means of internal and external passive safety.